ABSTRACT
RESUMO Objetivo Analisar a situação da violência sexual contra adolescentes. Métodos Estudo transversal com análise espacial, abrangendo 172 fichas de notificação, de janeiro de 2009 a janeiro de 2013, em Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul. Para a análise espacial, os dados foram agrupados por bairro. A análise estatística dos dados foi descritiva. Resultados Os adolescentes em situação de violência foram majoritariamente meninas (94,8%) e de cor branca (37,8%). Predominou a violência intrafamiliar (51,7%) e com um perpetrador (66,9%). A gravidez (8,7%) foi uma das consequências. Os casos tiveram distribuição homogênea no município, sem padrão espacial preferencial e sem distinção de estrato social. Conclusões Apesar da subnotificação de casos de violência sexual, a frequência e as consequências individuais e coletivas desta são suficientemente graves para torná-la uma questão de saúde pública.
RESUMEN Objetivo Analizar la situación de la violencia sexual contra adolescentes. Métodos Estudio transversal mediante análisis espacial abarcando 172 fichas de notificación de enero de 2009 a enero de 2013, en la ciudad de Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil. Para el análisis espacial se reunieron los datos por barrios, con un análisis estadístico descriptivo. Resultados Los adolescentes en situación de violencia eran en su mayor parte muchachas (un 94,8%) y blancas (un 37,8%). Predominó la violencia intrafamiliar (un 51,7%) y con un perpetrador (un 66,9%). El embarazo (un 8,7%) fue una de las consecuencias. Los casos tuvieron distribución homogénea en el municipio, sin un patrón espacial de preferencia o distinciones por estrato social. Conclusión Pese a la subnotificación de episodios de violencia sexual, la frecuencia y las consecuencias individuales y colectivas son lo suficientemente graves como para transformarla en una cuestión de salud pública.
ABSTRACT Objective To analyze the situation of sexual violence against adolescents. Methods Cross-sectional study with spatial analysis, covering 172 reporting forms, from January 2009 to January 2013, in Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul. Data were grouped by neighborhood for spatial analysis. The statistical analysis was descriptive. Results Adolescents in situations of violence were mostly girls (94.8%) and white (37.8%). Domestic violence prevailed (51.7%) and with one perpetrator (66.9%). Pregnancy (8.7%) was one of the consequences. The cases were evenly distributed in the city without a preferential spatial pattern and regardless of social background. Conclusions Despite the underreporting of sexual violence cases, the frequency and the individual and collective consequences of this are serious enough to make it a public health issue.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Child , Female , Humans , Male , Sex Offenses/statistics & numerical data , Brazil , Cross-Sectional StudiesABSTRACT
Objetivo: descrever a proporção de nascidos vivos e a taxa de fecundidade de mães de 15 a 19 anos de idade e analisar sua correlação com indicadores socioeconômicos, nas microrregiões de saúde do estado de Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil. Métodos: estudo ecológico com medidas agregadas por microrregião, calculadas a partir de (i) dados do Sistema de Informações sobre Nascidos Vivos (Sinasc) para o ano de 2008 e de (ii) indicadores de desenvolvimento social e econômico. Resultados: do total de 40.867 nascidos vivos, 22 por cento eram de mães adolescentes; as taxas específicas de fecundidade (15 a 19 anos) variaram de 73 a 116 por mil habitantes, entre as microrregiões de saúde estudadas; verificou-se correlação significativa entre taxas específicas de fecundidade e índice de responsabilidade social (r=0,646; p=0,032) e analfabetismo funcional (r=0,7180; p=0,013). Conclusão: a fecundidade das mulheres adolescentes tende a ser maior nas microrregiões com piores indicadores de escolaridade e desenvolvimento socioeconômico.
Objective: to describe the proportion of live births and the fertility rate of mothers aged 15-19 years and correlation with socio-economic indicators in the health micro-regions of Mato Grosso do Sul State. Methods: an ecological study using indicators aggregated by micro-region, calculated based on 2008 data from the Live Birth Information System and regional indicators of social and economic development. Results: teenage mothers accounted for 22 per cent of the total of 40,867 live births. Specific fertility rates (15-19 age group) ranged from 73 to 116 per thousand inhabitants in the health micro-regions studied. There was significant correlation between specific fertility rates and Social Responsibility Index (r = 0.646 p = 0.032) and functional illiteracy (r = 0.7180 p = 0.013). Conclusion: female adolescent fertility tends to be higher in micro-regions with the worst education and socio-economic development indicators.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adolescent , Young Adult , Pregnancy in Adolescence/statistics & numerical data , Live Birth/epidemiology , Ecological Studies , Fecundity Rate , Health Status IndicatorsABSTRACT
The relationships between environmental exposure to risk agents and health conditions have been studied with the aid of remote sensing imagery, a tool particularly useful in the study of vegetation cover. This study aims to evaluate the influence of environmental variables on the spatial distribution of the abundance of Lutzomyia longipalpis and the reported canine and human visceral leishmaniasis (VL) cases at an urban area of Campo Grande, state of Mato Grosso do Sul. The sandfly captures were performed in 13 residences that were selected by raffle considering four residences or collection station for buffer. These buffers were generated from the central house with about 50, 100 and 200 m from it in an endemic area of VL. The abundance of sandflies and human and canine cases were georreferenced using the GIS software PCI Geomatica. The normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and percentage of land covered by vegetation were the environmental variables extracted from a remote sensing IKONOS-2 image. The average NDVI was considered as the complexity of habitat and the standard deviation as the heterogeneity of habitat. One thousand three hundred sixty-seven specimens were collected during the catch. We found a significant positive linear correlation between the abundance of sandflies and the percentage of vegetation cover and average NDVI. However, there was no significant association between habitat heterogeneity and the abundance of these flies.